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Babylonian cuneiform tablet of Sumerian text from the third dynasty of Ur 2100-2000 BCE, having incised on both sides material relating to commerce in Ur., 2100-2000 BCE - Bound Bound

Date:
2100-2000 BCE -
Scope Content:
Date of tablet has been placed in the nine year reign of Amar-suena (ca. 2047-2039 BCE) according to Gordon D. Young, Purdue University, 11 July 1975. Drawing of tablet, transcription and English translation by Stephen D. Simmons published in Journal of Cuneiform Studies, XVII: 32 (April 1936) (PJ3102 .J86). Transcription and English translation by Edmond Sollberger published in Sollberger, Business and Administrative Correspondence Under the Kings of Ur, Locust Valley, N.Y., J. J. Augustin publisher, 1966, page 20 (Texts from Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 1) (PJ4075 .S68). The top three lines tell of a religious festival for which the sheep and grain are needed. Below that is given the name of the person to whom they are to be sent. The name of the writer of the letter is not given on the tablet. Originally this tablet would have been in a clay envelope on which the seal of the writer would have appeared. This would have been sufficient to identify him. In writing on one of these tablets it was grasped between thumb and first finger at the top of the sides. The indentations here can still be felt on this tablet. This tablet has been partially baked. (Information from Ferris J. Stephens, Curator of Babylonian and Assyrian Clay Tablets, Yale University Library, 1958, January 23.)
Physical Description:
1 tablet. 5 x 4.5 cm.
  1. Lilly Library
  2. Miscellaneous mss., 2100 BCE-1992
  3. …

Babylonian cuneiform terra cotta cone from ruins of a temple wall of Ur of the Chaldees., 2060 BCE - Bound Bound

Date:
2060 BCE -
Scope Content:
"The accompanying terra cotta cone was found several years ago by native Arabs in one of the ruin mounds of Ur of the Chaldees, the birthplace of the Biblical Abraham, now called Mugheir, on the lower Euphrates in Southern Babylonia. It was built into a temple wall with several other similar cones, to serve the purpose of the modern corner stone, with the hope that one of them might survive to tell future generations who built the temple. It bears a fine cuneiform inscription of twenty lines in two columns in the Sumerian language which was used in Babylonian before the Semitic Babylonian, and it comes from Libit-Ishtar, a prominent Babylonian king whose date has been fixed at 2060 B.C., just before the time of Abraham. This inscription is probably the best example yet discovered of the writing of the exact age of Abraham and in his own country. It is also of historical interest, for it mentions several of the early cities of the book of Genesis, the existence of which was once doubted. Its translation reads: 'The divine Libit-Ishtar, the humble shepherd of Nippur, the faithful husbandman of Nippur, who does not change the face of Eirdu, a king befitting Erech, the king of Isin, the king of Sumer and Akkad (North and South Babylonia) who captivated the heart of the goddess Ininni (Ishtar) am I. When the justice in Sumer and Akkad he had established, the temple of justice he built.'" Edgar James Banks, Field director of the Babylonian expedition from the University of Chicago, 1903-1906, to Carroll A. Wilson, n.d. Lipit-Ishtar, king of the city/state of Isin, reigned from ca. 1934-1923 BCE according to Gordon D. Young, Purdue University, 11 July 1975. Cone is designated as Lipit-Ishtar 2: 21-line cone in W. W. Hallo, "Royal Inscriptions of the Early Old Babylonian Period: a Bibliography," Bibliiotheca Orientalis XVIII No. 1/2 (Jan.-Mar., 1961), 4-14 (Z3001 .B584). Cone is placed in its historical context by Edmund Gordon in "Lipit-Ishtar of Isin," Dudley Peter Allen Memorial Art Museum, Bulletin, (Oberlin College, Ohio) 14 (1956) 16-27.
Physical Description:
1 cone. 12 x 4 cm.
  1. Lilly Library
  2. Miscellaneous mss., 2100 BCE-1992
  3. …

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